Panduan Perubahan Kata Kerja
|
PERUBAHAN KATA KERJA BAHASA JEPANG |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
NO |
BENTUK KATA KERJA |
KATA KERJA GOLONGAN I |
KATA KERJA GOLONGAN II |
KATA KERJA GOLONGAN III |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
~u |
tsu |
~ru |
~bu |
~nu |
~mu |
~ku |
~gu |
~su |
~eru |
~iru |
suru |
kuru |
|||||||||||||||
|
kau |
butsu |
kaeru |
asobu |
shinu |
yomu |
kaku |
isogu |
Kesu |
taberu |
okiru |
suru |
kuru |
|||||||||||||||
|
1. |
Kamus |
ka |
u |
bu |
tsu |
kae |
ru |
aso |
bu |
shi |
masu |
yo |
mu |
|
|
iso |
gu |
ke |
su |
tab |
eru |
ok |
iru |
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Sekarang ( + ) |
kai |
masu |
buchi |
masu |
kaeri |
masu |
asobi |
masu |
shi |
mashita |
yomi |
masu |
ki |
masu |
isogi |
masu |
keshi |
masu |
tabe |
masu |
oki |
masu |
shi |
masu |
ki |
masu |
|
|
Sekarang ( - ) |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
masen |
|
|
kawa |
nai |
buta |
nai |
kaera |
nai |
asoba |
nai |
|
|
yoma |
nai |
kaka |
nai |
isoga |
nai |
kesa |
nai |
tabe |
nai |
oki |
nai |
shi |
nai |
ko |
nai |
|
|
3. |
Lampau ( + ) |
kai |
mashita |
buchi |
mashita |
kaeri |
mashita |
asobi |
mashita |
shi |
tta |
yomi |
mashita |
ki |
mashita |
isogi |
mashita |
keshi |
mashita |
tabe |
mashita |
oki |
mashita |
shi |
mashita |
ki |
mashita |
|
|
ka |
tta |
bu |
tta |
kae |
(t)ta |
aso |
nda |
shi |
tte |
yo |
nda |
ka |
ita |
iso |
ida |
keshi |
ta |
tabe |
ta |
oki |
ta |
shi |
ta |
ki |
ta |
|
|
|
Lampau ( - ) |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
masen deshita |
|
|
kawa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. |
KK + KK |
ka |
tte |
bu |
tte |
kae |
(t)te |
aso |
nde |
shi |
|
yo |
nde |
ki |
te |
iso |
ide |
keshi |
te |
tabe |
te |
oki |
te |
shi |
te |
ki |
te |
|
5. |
Sedang |
ka |
tte iru (imasu) |
bu |
tte iru (imasu) |
kae |
te iru (imasu) |
aso |
nde iru (imasu) |
shi |
|
yo |
nde iru (imasu) |
ki |
te iru (imasu) |
iso |
ide iru (imasu) |
keshi |
te iru (imasu) |
tabe |
te iru (imasu) |
oki |
te iru (imasu) |
shi |
te iru (imasu) |
ki |
te iru (imasu) |
|
6. |
Boleh+KK |
ka |
tte mo ii |
bu |
tte mo ii |
kae |
te mo ii |
aso |
nde mo ii |
shi |
eba |
yo |
nde mo ii |
ki |
te mo ii |
iso |
ide mo ii |
keshi |
te mo ii |
tabe |
te mo ii |
oki |
te mo ii |
shi |
te mo ii |
ki |
te mo ii |
|
7 |
Permintaan/ Permohonan/ Perintah |
ka |
tte kudasai |
bu |
tte kudasai |
kae |
te kudasai |
aso |
nde kudasai |
shi |
nasai |
yo |
nde kudasai |
ki |
te kudasai |
iso |
ida kudasai |
keshi |
te kudasai |
tabe |
te kudasai |
oki |
te kudasai |
shi |
te kudasai |
ki |
te kudasai |
|
kai |
nasai |
buchi |
nasai |
kaeri |
nasai |
asobi |
nasai |
shie |
|
yomi |
nasai |
ki |
nasai |
isogi |
nasai |
keshi |
nasai |
tabe |
nasai |
oki |
nasai |
shi |
nasai |
ki |
nasai |
||
|
|
Perintah |
kae |
|
bute |
|
kaere |
|
asobe |
|
shio |
o |
yome |
|
kire |
|
isoge |
|
kese |
|
tabere |
|
okire |
|
shire |
|
kire |
|
|
8. |
Larangan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9. |
Ajakan |
kao |
o |
buto |
o |
kaero |
o |
asobo |
o |
shi |
tte mo ii |
yomo |
o |
kiyo |
o |
isogo |
o |
keso |
o |
tabeyo |
o |
okiyo |
o |
shiy |
oo |
kiyo |
o |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10. |
Kalau+KK |
kae |
ba |
bute |
ba |
kaere |
ba |
asobe |
ba |
shi |
tai |
yome |
ba |
kure |
ba |
isoge |
ba |
kese |
ba |
tabere |
ba |
okire |
ba |
sure |
ba |
kur |
eba |
|
11. |
Ingin+KK |
kai |
tai |
buchi |
tai |
kaeri |
tai |
asobi |
tai |
shi |
tsumori |
yomi |
tai |
ki |
tai |
isogi |
tai |
keshi |
tai |
tabe |
tai |
oki |
tai |
shi |
tai |
ki |
tai |
|
12. |
Bermaksud+KK |
kau |
tsumori |
butsu |
tsumori |
kaeru |
tsumori |
asobu |
tsumori |
shi |
Koto ga |
yomu |
tsumori |
kuru |
tsumori |
isogu |
tsumori |
kesu |
tsumori |
taberu |
tsumori |
okiru |
tsumori |
suru |
tsumori |
kuru |
tsumori |
|
13. |
Dapat+KK |
kau |
Koto ga dekiru |
butsu |
Koto ga dekiru |
kaeru |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
asobu |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
shi |
aseru |
yomu |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
kuru |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
|
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
kesu |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
taberu |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
okiru |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
suru |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
kuru |
Koto ga dekiru (dekimasu) |
|
14. |
Menyuruh+KK |
kawa |
seru |
buta |
seru |
kaera |
seru |
asoba |
seru |
shi |
areru |
yoma |
seru |
kura |
seru |
isoga |
saseru |
kesa |
seru |
tabe |
saseru |
oki |
saseru |
shi |
saseru |
kura |
seru |
|
15. |
Pasif |
kawa |
reru |
buta |
reru |
kaera |
reru |
asoba |
reru |
shi |
|
yoma |
reru |
kura |
reru |
isoga |
rareru |
kes |
areru |
tabe |
rareru |
oki |
rareru |
shi |
rareru |
kura |
reru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
* Untuk membentuk bentuk negatifnya, ~masu mejadi masen pada bentuk presentnya dan mashita menjadi ~masen deshita untuk bentuk lampaunya. Untuk perbedaan ~masen dan ~nai (no.18), masen deshita dan ~nakatta lihat penjelasannya di bab selanjutnya. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
* Untuk no.4 (akhiran ~ku) kecuali iku (iku menjadi itta) *untuk penjelasan tiap |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||